আজি আমি এইpost টোৰ জৰিয়তে determiner কি আৰুdeterminers ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰিম। লগতে hslc1998 ৰ পৰা এতিয়ালৈকে অহা সকলো খিনিdeterminers ৰ প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ সন্নিৱিষ্ট কৰা হৈছে।
ছাত্ৰ ছাত্ৰী সকলৰ বিশেষ সুবিধা হ'ব বুলি মই আশাবাদী।
Determiner কি?:-
আমি অসমীয়াত noun ৰ লগত পৰিমাণ বুজাবলৈ কিছুমান পদ বা শব্দ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰো। যেনে:- কম, বেছি, সকলো, অলপ, এজন,এটা, বহুত ইত্যাদি। আৰু ইংৰাজীত পৰিমাণ বা সংখ্যক বুজাবলৈ much, many,more,each, every,very, little,few ইত্যাদি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। আৰু এই পৰিমাণ সূচক শব্দ সমূহকে ইংৰাজীত determinersবোলা হয়।
Determiners
Article(a/an/the)
A ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ1):- consonant ৰ আগত এটা বা এজন বুজাবলৈ a ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।(a,e,i,o,u হ'ল vowel আৰু ইয়াৰ বাহিৰে আন সকলো alphabetক consonant বোলা হয়)
যেনে:-....a…man (এজন মানুহ)
A pen (এটা কলম)..... ইত্যাদি
2) Vowel ৰ উচ্চাৰণ 'ইউ' বা 'ওৱা' ৰ দৰে হ'লে ইয়াৰ আগত a ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
যেনে:- University,one, European, uniform, ইত্যাদি
An ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ:-1)vowel ৰ আগত এটা বা এজনক বুজাবলৈ an ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
যেনে:- an umbrella (এটা চাতি)
An elephant (এটা হাতী)
2) consonantৰ উচ্চাৰণ vowel ৰ দৰে হ'লে ইয়াৰ আগতan ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
যেনে:- an hour. (Hour ৰ উচ্চাৰণ হ'ল 'আৱাৰ' ইয়াক হাৱাৰ বুলি উচ্চাৰণ কৰা নহয়)
একেদৰে honourable, honest, heir, আদিৰ আগত an ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৈ বুজাবলৈ the ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
অসমীয়াত নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৈ বুজাবলৈ যিদৰে আমি জন,জনী, গৰাকী,টো, টা ,খন আদি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰো ইংৰাজীত the ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
যেনে :- মানুহ জন:-The man
Much/many/more ব্যৱহাৰ
Much ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ:-uncountable noun অৰ্থাৎ গণনা কৰিব নোৱাৰা noun ৰ আগত বহুত পৰিমাণ বুজাবলৈ much ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
যেনে:-I received ….much…. encouragement from you.
(মই তোমাৰ পৰা বহুত উৎসাহ লাভ কৰিছিলো। ইয়াত encouragement অৰ্থাৎ উৎসাহ টো আমি গণনা কৰিব নোৱাৰো সেই কাৰণে ইয়াৰ আগত much ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে)
Many ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ:-countable noun অৰ্থাৎ গণনা কৰিব পৰা noun ৰ আগত বহুত বুজাবলৈ many ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
যেনে:- There are ……….. people in the meeting.(much/many).
=Many.(people, countable noun)
More ব্যৱহাৰ:-বাক্যটো comparative degreeত থাকিলে more ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। সাধাৰণতে বাক্যত than থাকিলে বাক্যটো comparative degreeৰ হয়। অৰ্থাৎ বাক্যটোত যদি than থাকে তেতিয়া more ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
যেনে:-I get…….more….help from my teachers than my parents.
কিন্তু determiner টো যাৰ আগত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিম সেইটোও যদি comparative ত থাকে তেতিয়া তাৰ আগত আমি more ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰিম much ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগিব।
যেনে:-He is…much…happier than his wife.
এই বাক্যটোত than আছে যদিও আমি more ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰিম কাৰণ happier টো comparative ত আছে।
He is …….older than his wife.(much/many/more)
Ans:-much
(interesting, beautiful, wonderful, diligent, happy,sad, rich, poor, আদিৰ আগত বহুত বুজাবলৈ very ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
He is …very…poor.
(কিন্তু বাক্যটো comparative ৰ হ'লে very ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা নহয়)
He is……more….poor than Ram
Few:-গণনা কৰিব পৰা nounৰ আগত খুব কম সংখ্যক বুজাবলৈ few ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়l প্ৰায় negative অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।
যেনে :- I have few friends.
(মোৰ বন্ধু প্ৰায় নথকা নিচিনাই অৰ্থাৎ আছে বহুত কম)
A few:-:-গণনা কৰিব পৰা nounৰ আগত কিছু সংখ্যক বুজাবলৈ a few ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়l
I have a few friends.(মোৰ কিছুসংখ্যক বন্ধু আছে।
The few:- গণনা কৰিব পৰা nounৰ আগত থকা গোটেই সংখ্যক বুজাবলৈ the few ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
The few friends I have, are good.
(মোৰ যিমান বন্ধু আছে সকলো ভাল)
Little:-গণনা কৰিব নোৱাৰা nounৰ আগত খুব কম পৰিমাণৰ বুজাবলৈ little ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়l প্ৰায় negative অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।
There is little water in the pot.
(পাত্ৰটোত পানী প্ৰায় নায়েই। আছে কিন্তু বহুত কম পৰিমাণৰ)
A little:-গণনা কৰিব নোৱাৰা nounৰ আগত কিছু পৰিমাণৰ বুজাবলৈ a little ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
There is a little water in the pot.
(পাত্ৰটোত অলপ পানী আছে)
The little:-গণনা কৰিব নোৱাৰা nounৰ আগত গোটেই পৰিমাণটো বুজাবলৈ the little ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
The little water in the pot is pure.
(পাত্ৰটোত থকা গোটেই পানী খিনি বিশুদ্ধ)
Only থাকিলে a littleবা a few ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। Uncountable noun হ'লে a littleআৰু countable noun হ'লে ইয়াৰ আগত a little ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
You have only………time.
=A little
(মনত ৰাখিবা time আৰু money ক uncountable nounত ধৰা হয় আৰু rupee, minute, hour, second, ক countable noun ত ধৰা হয়।
1)A busy person has…….time to waste.(little/a little/the little)
=Little (কাৰণ এজন ব্যস্ত লোকৰ নষ্ট কৰিবলৈ সময় প্ৰায় নাথাকেই)
2)He gave…..money he had to the beggar.(little/a little/the little)
=The little (তাৰ হাতত যিমান টকা আছিল সকলো খিনি ভিক্ষাৰী জনক দিয়া বুজাইছে)
বাক্যটো negativeবা interrogative হ'লে any ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
Do you have….any….book to read?
I can't give you….any…money.
Each/every:-দুজন বা তাতোকৈ অধিকৰ প্ৰতিটোক বুজাবলৈ each ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। আৰু দুজন তকৈ অধিকৰ প্ৰতিটোক বুজাবলৈ every ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
…….of the boys was rewarded.(each/every)
=Each
(Of ৰ আগত বহাব লগা হ'লে সদায় each ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয় every ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰি)
Determiners (Hslc1998 to 2022)
Hslc1998
a)He received …………..help from his teachers.(much/more/many)
=Much
b)I can depend …………friends I have.(few/a few/the few)
=The few
c)............. guidance from you will be enough for me.(little/a little/the little).
=A little
d)My brother is studying in……….. European University.(a/an/the)
=a
Hslc1999
a)He gave away……….money he had to the beggar.(little/a little/the little).
=He gave away the little money he had to the beggar.
b).........of my friends helped me much in my distress.(Few/a few/the few)
=A few
c)I got ……..help my mother than father.(much/many/more)
=more
d).......... union leader will address the workers.(a/an/the)
=The
Hslc2000
a)I received ……………encouragement from my parents.(much/many/more)
=Much
b)My brother is…….N.C.C. cadet.(a/an/the)
=an
c)He doesn't trust………friends he has.(few/a few /the few)
=The few.
d)A busy person has………time to waste.(little/a little/the little).
=Little
Hslc2001
a)He gave me……..one rupee note.(a/an/the)
=A
b)Can you lend me…….books?(few/a few/the few)
=A few
c)He is ………….older than his wife.(much/many/more).
=much.
d)He will stay here for …….while.(little/a little/the little).
=A little
e).............of the boys has done his home work.(each/every)
=Each
f)She has ……….things to do.(much/most/lots of)
=Lots of
Hslc2002
a)I can't give you……..money.(any/some/many)
=Any
b)Our principal is a man of………words.(few/a few/the few)
=Few
c)She doesn't get ………..time for studies.(much/many/more)
=Much
d)My brother is………N.C.C.cadet.(a/an/the)
=An
e)The story is………interesting.(much/many/very)
=Very
f)He has to feed his family with………money he earns.(little/a little/the little)
=The little
Hslc2003
a)....Much....of their property was destroyed in the flood.(much/many/more)
b)He has to manage with…..the little…money he earns.(little/a little/the little)
c)This is ……the…. European lady I was talking about.(a/an/the)
d)Many guests were invited but only…a few.. turned up.(few/a few/the few)
E)We found the house without….much…difficulty.(much/many/m-ore)
f) Rajnikanth is called….the…Scott of Assam.(a/an/the)
Hslc2004
1)This is ……..the…..room I work in.(a/an/the)
b)....Many….of the apples were rotten.(much/many/more)
c) Only…..a few…of the applicants were suitable.(few/a few/the few)
d)I expect only….a little…encouragement from you.(Little/a little/the little)
e)The workers decided to form…a….union.(a/an/the)
f)Did you buy…any…bread tody? (Some/any/many
Hslc2005
a) Only…a few…among the invitees turned up.(few/a few/the/few).
b)Do you have..any…books on astrology?(some/any)
c)You will have to manage….the little…. money you have.(little/a little/the little)
d)....An…undergraduate can not apply for that post.(a/an/the)
e)This is not…..a…usual happening.(a/an/the)
f) Society gives …..much…. respect to a thinker .(much/many/more)
Hslc2006
a)That girl has….many…good qualities.(much/many/more)
b)Can you help me with…a little..money?(little/a little/the little)
c)Our principal is a man of….few….words.(few/a few/the few)
d)Did you buy…any…oranges today?(any/some/many)
d)Our teacher gave us….much…. useful advice.(much/many/more)
e)Kalidas is ….the.. Shakespeare of India.(a/an/the)
Hslc2007
a)He has ……the few…….. friends who stand by him.(few/a few/the few).
b)Do you have……any………difficulty in finding the house?(any/many/much)
c)His brother is….a …University student(a/an/the)
d)I appreciate even….the little…help they gave me.(little/a little/the little)
e)An umbrella is …a…useful thing.(a/an/the)
f)Have you…any..book to read?(some/any/many)
Hslc2008
a)Many guests were invited but only……a few…. turned up.(few/a few/the few)
b)This is…the… European lady I was talking about.(a/an/the)
c)I can't give you…any…money.(any/some)
d)We found the house without…much…difficulty.(much/many/more)
e)Sri Lanka is …an…Island.(a/an/the).
f)....Each….of the boys was rewarded.(each/every)
Hslc2009
a)He gave away …..the little…money he had to the beggar.(little/a little/the little)
b) Reading is …a.. useful hobby.(a/an/the)
c) Only….a few…friends were suitable for the post.(few/a few/the few)
d)…Each…of the competitors will get a certificate.(each/every)
e)I don't expect….any….help from them.(any/some)
Hslc2010
a)My brother is….an…N.C.C cadet.(a/an/the)
b)First read …..the few…..books you have with you.(Few/a few/the few)
c) Socrates gave….much .. useful advice to his pupils.(much/many/more)
d)Hurry up, you have only…a little….time left.(little/a little/the little)
e)The workers decided to form….a…. union.(a/an/the)
Hslc2011
a)The painter is a man of ……few….words.(few/a few/the few)
b)...An…honorary secretary gets no salary for holding the post.(a/an/the)
c)....Each…of the candidates must produce his/her identity card.(each/every)
d)India won the match with …a little…bit of luck.(little/a little/the little)
Hslc2012
a)...Few…men are free from faults.(few/a few/the few)
b)...An….hour has passed since he left us.(a/an/the)
c)...Each…of the students will be given a copy of the megazines.(each/every)
d) Please give me…the little…. money you have.(little/a little/the little)
Hslc2013
a)He will come back within…..an….hour.(a/an/the)
b)...Few…men are free from faults.(few/a few/the few)
c)Leap year falls in …. every…. fourth year.(each/every/any)
d)..A little…learning is a dangerous thing.(little/a little/the little)
Hslc2014
a)I gave….a….one rupee note to the beggar.(a/an/the)
b)My father is ….much …older than my mother .(much/many/more)
c)I buy….a few….books every month.(few/a few/the few)
d) I need …..the little…money I have.(little/a little/the little)
Hslc2015
a) Please give me…a little….time to finish the work.(little/a little/the little)
b)Then I will take you to….the …university.(a/an/the)
Hslc2016
a) Ramen comes home twice…a..month.(a/an/the)
b)Mr. Bell rang …the… bell of alarm and I woke up.(a/an/the)
c)A busy person has…. little….time to waste.
d) Only ….a few…of the applicants were found suitable.(few/a few/the few)
Hslc2017
a)My brother is…an…N.C.C cadet.(a/an/the)
b)We found the house without….much…. difficulty.(much/many/more)
c)He has to feed his family with….the little…money he earns.(little/a little/the little)
d)Our principal is a man of…..few….words.(few/a few/the few)
Hslc2018
a)...The…rich are not always unkind.(a/an/the)
b)The principal gave the students….some…. sound advice.(many/some/more)
c) Every school has ….a…. union of the students.(a/an/the)
d)Is there….any…. coffee left in the pot?(any/some/many)
Hslc2019
a)My brother had gone…..an….hour ago.(a/an/the)
b)A busy man has …. little…time to waste.(little/a little/the little)
c)The classes started after…the…bell had rung.(a/an/the)
d)...Much …of their property was lost in the flood. (Much/many/more)
Hslc2020
a)They won the match without……difficulty.
=Much or any(যিকোনো এটা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেই হ'ল)
b) Reading is….a…. useful hobby.
c)I gave him …..the few…books I had.
d)Kalidas is…. the
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